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Glossary of Terms
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Data Warehouse and Data Mining
| Data Mining | Extraction of useful information from data sets. Data mining serves to find information that is hidden within the available data. |
| Data Warehouse | An information repository from which queries and analysis may be made. |
| KDD | Knowledge Discovery in Databases. A synonym for data mining. |
| For More Info on Data Warehouse and Data Mining |
| Decision Support System | A program data which assist in analysis and decision-making. |
| Dempster-Shafer Theory | A belief maintenance system that considers evidence from a number of sources, maintains information on the evidence, and combines the pieces of evidence to produce a decision. |
| Dylan Glossary | Hypertext glossary of Dylan terms from Harlequin Inc. |
| For More Info on the Dylan Programming Language |
| Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) | Computer networking environment that consists of many integrated components working together. |
| Middleware | Also called "enabling technology." It means that the component is not intended to exist alone. The DCE is middleware. |
| Secure Core | Refers to the Threads, Remote Procedure Call (RPC), Cell Directory Service (CDS), Security Service, and Distributed Time Service (DTS) components of a DCE. |
| For More Info on Distributed Computing |
| Backward Chaining | A problem-solving procedure that starts with a statement and a set of rules leading to the statement and then works backward, matching the rules with information from a database of facts until the statement can be either verified or proven wrong. |
| Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) | A problem-solving system that relies on stored representations of previously solved problems and their solutions. |
| Expert System | A type of application program that makes decisions or solves problems in a particular field by using knowledge and analytical rules defined by experts in the field. |
| Expert System Shell | A software package that facilitate the building of knowledge-based systems by providing a knowledge representation scheme and an inference engine. The developer adds domain knowledge. |
| Forward Chaining | A problem solving procedure that starts with a set of rules and a database of facts and works to a conclusion based on facts that match all the premises set forth in the rules. |
| If-Then Rule | Describes a problem situation and the action an expert would perform in that situation. |
| Inference Engine | The processing portion of an expert system. With information from the knowledge-base, the inference engine provides the reasoning ability that derive inferences (conclusions) on which the expert system acts. |
| Knowledge Acquisition | The gathering of expertise from a human expert for entry into an expert system. |
| Knowledge-Based System | A system that uses stored knowledge to solve problems in a specific domain. |
| Knowledge Representation | The notation or formalism used for coding the knowledge to be stored in a knowledge-based system. |
| Rule Base | A set of If-Then rules. |
| For More Info on Expert Systems |
| Dictionary | List for words and their definitions -- address and parameters. Almost the entire Forth program is contained within the dictionary. |
| RPN Reverse Polish Notation | Also called postfix notation, is often used on a stack-based machines. The values or operands are placed on the data stack and once the operation is selected, the resulting value is returned on the stack. |
| Stack Manipulation | Operations in a RPN machine are done to values already on the data stack. Operations such as swap and duplicate allow manipulation of the values on the stack. |
| Vocabulary | This structure contains a list of variables and related words. Words in one vocabulary may not access to word in other vocabularies thus allowing data hiding. Used as a command, vocabulary creates a new vocabulary. |
| Word | This is the Forth terminology for a command enabling the hiding data in structures called vocabularies. |
| For More Info on the Forth Programming Language |
| Fuzzy Associative Memory | A software structure that collects fuzzy sets, works with them, and produces an output that assists in decision making. |
| Fuzzy Logic | A form of logic in which variables can have degrees of truth or falsehood. |
| Fuzzy Set | A set whose elements have degrees of membership. |
| Membership Function | The mathematical function which defines the degree of an element's membership in a fuzzy set. |
| For More Info on Fuzzy Logic |
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