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Glossary of Terms
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| Subject - Internet | ||||||||||||
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| ACK | The acknowledgement bit in a TCP packet. |
| Address | The numeric location identifier for devices on a network. Also the textual location identifier used in transferring email. |
| Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) | Agency that funded some of the initial Internet development. |
| Anonymous FTP | A file Transfer Protocol enabling users to transfer files from one computer system to another without having an account on the remote system. |
| Application Layer | That part of the OSI system that manages the communication between application processes. |
| Asyncrhonous Transfer Mode (ATM) | A network technology designed to make it easy to build point-to-point high-speed networks. |
| Archie | A search system for locating files that are available throughout anonymous FTP. |
| Bandwidth | The capacity of a nework (bits per second). |
| Base64 | MIME encoding language providing the mapping across different transfer agents. |
| Baud | The number of times per second a signal can change on a transmission line -- often equivalent to the number of bits per second (bps) being transferred. |
| Bookmark | Local copy of the address of an Internet site that can be used to relocate that Internet site at a later date. |
| Bulletin Board Service | A service that permits messages to be posted for others to read. |
| Caching | Saving information learned during a previous operation to be used in future operations. |
| Connection | Logical binding between two or more computers to provide a service. |
| Cybernaut | A person who explores the internet. |
| Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) | Agency that funded some of the initial Internet development. |
| Data Link Layer | That part of the OSI system that manages framing, transmission, and error control over a single communication link. |
| Domain Name System (DNS) | An application layer protocol providing the naming capability on the Internet. |
| Ethernet | 100-million bit-per-second networking scheme used for LAN's. |
| Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) | An archive of answers to questions most commonly asked by new users -- therefore reducing the number of repeated questions. |
| File Transfer, Access and Management (FTAM) | OSI file management system. |
| File Transfer Protocol (FTP) | An application layer protocol providing file services on the Internet. These set of rules specify how two computers, often very different, are to transfer files between each other. |
| Finger | A service provided by Internet to determine who is currently logged into a particular host or to find out information about other users. |
| GIF | Acronym for Graphics Interchange Format, a file format used to store a graphics image. Developed by CompuServer. |
| Gopher | A menu-driven search tool for locating files within FTP archives as well as other resources. |
| Hits | Successful completion of a search or users accessing a site. |
| Homepage | A page of information accessible through a web browser on the World Wide Web. |
| Host | A computer system or computing device on the Internet usually with a unique address. |
| HyperText Markup Language (HTML) | Computer language use to define the contents and format of a hypermedia document read by a Web browser on the WWW. |
| HyperText Transport Protocol) | The protocol used to access documents on the World Wide Web using Uniform Resource Locator as a reference. |
| Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) | A reporting protocol for the IP addressing. |
| Interactive Mail Access Protocol (IMAP) | Application layer protocol providing mail retrieval on the Internet. |
| Internet | A collection of networks, throughout the world, running a set of protocols referred to as the Internet Protocols. It has also been referred to as the ARPA net, DARPA Internet, NSF/DARPA Internet, or the Federal Research Internetwork. |
| Internet Protocol (IP) | The network layer protocol that provides a connectionless-mode network service. |
| Internet Relay Chat (IRC) | A protocol that enables users to interactively communicate using a keyboard. |
| IP Address | A 32 bit numeric address used to represent a location on the Internet. |
| Knowbot | A master directory that contains email address from the NIC WHOIS database. |
| ListServ | A program that maintains lists of electronic email addresses of people with common interests. Sending something to that list automatically gets forwarded to everyone on that list. |
| Local Area Network (LAN) | A collection of computers or computing devices, with in a limited geographical area, connected together in order to provide communication and data transfers between the members of the collection. |
| Mosaic | A simple computer program that provides an interactive interface to the World Wide Web, and other Internet services. |
| Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) | The format for transferring multimedia type file transfers across the Internet. Since email messages are designed for text data, this format converts non- text data into a text-based format. |
| Multi-User Dungeons (MUDs) | The format for transferring multimedia type files across the Internet. |
| Network File System(NFS) | A process developed by Sun Microsystems to allow computers to communicate and share file systems. A difference between NFS and FTP is that FTP copies the entire file while NFS only transfers what is needed as it is needed. |
| Network Information Center (NIC) | A facility providing information about the Internet, the software and services available, as well as the people who supply services. They can be reached by phone (800)444-4345 or email mailserv@ds.internic.net. |
| Network Layer | That part of the OSI system that manages the data transfer across the network which remaining independent of the network topologies and media. |
| Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) | The application layer protocol that provides the news article transfer service on the Internet. |
| Network Time Protocol (NTP) | A protocol used to maintain a centeral coordination of time on the hosts around the Internet based on Greenwich Mean Time. |
| Newsgroup | A single special interest group that correspond via email. |
| Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) | A set of international agreements to coordinate communications between computers and networks from different manufactures and technologies. |
| Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) | Encryption for email using a public key cryptography. |
| Physical Layer | That part of the OSI system that manages the electro-mechanical interface to the communications media. |
| Ping | A command that provides a check that a particular host is available and reachable. |
| Post Office Protocol (POP) | Application layer protocol that provides mail retrieval on the Internet. |
| PPP | |
| Presentation Layer | That part of the OSI system that manages the structure of the data that is being transferred across the Internet. |
| Protocols | A formal set of rules and descriptions of information formats that allow two computers to exchange information. |
| Remote Procedure Call (RPC) | Executing commands on remote host computers. |
| Request for Comments (RFC) | The set of documents used to define the internal workings of Internet. Proposals are written and then posted via email for general discussions. |
| Resolve | Translation of an Internet Name into its equivalent IP address. |
| Server | A computer that shares its resources with other computers on a network. |
| Shadowing | A process where a copy data is stored on a second system to be used just like the first system usually to off-load work from the first system. |
| Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) | Application layer protocol providing submission service and message transfer on the Internet. |
| Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) | Application layer protocol providing network management services on the Internet. |
| Serial Line IP (SLIP) | Protocol the enables TCP/IP over a serial communication line such as a telephone line. |
| Socket | The mapping of a port number to an IP Address. |
| Subnet | A phyiscal network defined within an IP address. |
| TCP/IP | The software that implements the Internet Protocols. |
| TELNET | Application layer protocol providing virtual terminal capability on the Internet. |
| Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) | Transport layer protocol that manages the connection-based transport service on the Internet. |
| Transport Layer | That part of the OSI system that manages the data transfers across the network. |
| Uniform Resource Locator (URL) | A text-based address used by World Wide Web browsers to identify a specific page of information. |
| UNIX | A multi-user, multiprocessor operating system developed by AT&T in the early 1970's. It is the predominant operating system used by the Internet servers but is not required by the user to access the Internet. |
| Usenet | A set of machines that provides copies of articles grouped by subjects called newsgroups. |
| Veronica | Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives. |
| Virus | A program that can modify other programs by embedding a copy of itself in them or changing their function, often with disasterous results. |
| Whois | The main domain registration database run by the Registration Services part of the InterNIC reachable by the 'whois' command. |
| Wide Area Information Service (WAIS) | Generalized system of information retrieval that accesses collections of data from around the world. |
| Wide Area Network (WAN) | The connection of multiple LAN and computers across large distances -- often hundreds or thousands of miles. |
| World Wide Web (WWW) | The connection of multiple LAN and computers across large distances. |
| For More Info on the Internet |
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